SECOND COLLECTION OF WORDS

ADAPTATION OF A PLANT

Plants have adaptations to help them survive in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.

This is an aloe, an it has develop a special, fat, fleshy, spongy leaves that allow it to absorb water quickly and hold it longer. As we can see the leaves are shiny and smooth to reflect the sun light away from the plant and keep the plant cooler.
This plant has adapt itself and modified its leaves to allow it to live in hot dry climates. This type of plants are adapted to live in dry areas such as a dessert because they can live without water for months. A cactus is a great example of plant adaptation.

ARTHROPOD

This bug is a arthropod since its body is joined by appendages; its nonliving exoskeleton is secreted by the underlying epidermis. Arthropods lack locomotory cilia, even in the larval stages, probably because of the presence of the exoskeleton.

An arthropod is an invertebrate that has an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages.
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticles, which are mainly made of α-chitin; the cuticles of crustaceans are also biomineralized with calcium carbonate.

Autotroph

Autotroph

Autotroph

This a pumpkin plan and it falls in the autotroph classification because it takes energy from the environment in the form of sunlight or inorganic chemicals and use it to create energy-rich molecules such as carbohydrates.
An autotroph is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light, photosynthesis, or inorganic chemical reactions.
Autotrophs are the producers in a food chain because all the organisms depend on it to survive, because if we think about it, with out hervivores we would not have carnivores and so on, autotrophs are really important for us and the environment.

BASIDIOMYCETE

The phylum basidiomycota consists of fungi that produce spores that are formed outside a pedestal-like structure, the basidium. The members of this phylum, known as basidiomycetes, include all the fungi with gills or pores, including the familiar mushrooms and bracket fungi.

Here is an important fact about basidiomycetes; they are important as plant and human pathogens. Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogen of considerable importance, especially in individuals with AIDS or other conditions that reduce the effectiveness of the immune response. Ustilago maydis or corn smut is a significant agricultural pathogen. If you think about it you will see that we will find basidiomycetes from a wild path in the forest to your food, yes our food, because every time we eat out pizza with mushrooms we are eating a basidiomycete.
BRYOPHYTE

Bryophytes are all embryophytes, land plants,that are non-vascular; they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. They neither have flowers nor produce seeds, reproducing via spores.

ECTOTHERM

This lizard is an ectotherm or also called cold-blooded animal; that is, any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. The ectotherms include the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. The body temperatures of aquatic ectotherms are usually very close to those of the water. Ectotherms do not require as much food as warm-blooded animals (endotherms) of the same size, but most cannot deal as well with cold surroundings.

FROND

This is a leaf of a Tagetes erecta and as we can see there are many divisions in it which help us yo know that this could be a frond.

A frond is a large leaf with many divisions to it, and the term is typically used for the leaves of palms, ferns or cycads.
A frond is the leaf- like structure of a fern or alga. The term is colloquially applied to the leaves of palms, cycads, and plants with pinnately compound leaves.

CUTICLE LAYER OF A PLANT


The cuticle is a non-cellular protective layer covering the outer cell layer (epidermis) of the green, aerial parts of land plants. Cuticles protect plants against dessication, UV radiation and various kinds of physical, chemical and (micro)biological agents.

So basically the cuticle is the top part of this leave which also makes it look shiny.

INSECT

An insect are any of numerous usually small arthropod animals of the class Insecta, having an adult stage characterized by three pairs of legs and a body segmented into head, thorax, and abdomen and usually having two pairs of wings. Insects include the flies, crickets, mosquitoes, beetles, butterflies, and bees.

This little dead fellow is a cicada, an insect of the order Hemiptera.

The structure of the cicada show us that it is obvious that it is an insect.







Lepidoptera

What we are looking here is a moth that looks like a Monarch, and this little fellow is classified as a lipidoptera.
Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. It is one of the most specious orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three super families of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies.

Collection number one

Batesian mimicry
A type of mimicry in which harmless species looks like a different species that poisonous or otherwise harmful to predator.

This little friend looks like a Monarch butterfly but the truth is that this fellow is a Viceroy.
This viceroy have adapted the colors of a butterfly so he can protect himself from predators.

Conifer leaf

Most of the time the conifer leaf looks like a needle and stays green for a long period of time. The conifer seeds are protected by cones. These protective cones are hard and woody; they take from four months to three years to reach maturity.When is is mature the scales usually spreads open allowing the seeds fall out and be dispersed by the wind.

Commensalism
Commensalism is a type of symbiosis, a biological relationship in which one species benefit from an interaction, while the host species is neither positively or negatively affected to any tangible degree.
These pictures shown a commensionalism between the butterfly and the flower, because the butterfly is getting its meal from the flower while the flower's phloem gets spread to others flowers.

Deciduous leaf

Deciduous are those types of leaves that fall off the tree in certain season. When these leaves fall off is because they finish their purpose.

This red maple leaf will fall off its tree when the fall comes; that is the reason for which it is a good example of a deciduous leaf.

Dicot Plant

Dicot is a subdivision of flowering plants whose members posses two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons.

Flowering plants are divided into two monocots and dicots.

As we can observe dicots's veins in leaves are usually net like; their flower is usually divided in four or five parts; they posses two cotyledons, and the arrangement of of primary vascular bundles in steam looks like a ring.

Exoskeleton

Exoskeleton is a hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shells of mollusks or the cuticles of arthropods, that provide protection and points of attachment for muscles.

This little fellow looks like from the zopheridae family.

This fellow body is hard so that it becomes like a shell over the insect's body. Since insects do not have bones, the shell works as a body skeleton, and since the skeleton is outside the body we called it exoskeleton.

This exoskeleton help our little fellow to protect itself from predators but as any other organism they grow; therefore they need a new exoskeleton, that is why at certain period of time they have to change their exoskeleton. When the insect grows the exoskeleton actually splits open and let out the new enlarge version of the insect out, leaving the old exoskeleton behind. But unfortunately for our friend the new exoskeleton takes a while to harden, and during this time the insect is soft and very vulnerable against its predators.

Endotherm

Endotherm is an animal that uses metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature, such as a bird or mammal.

This is Snoopy, my cousin's dog, and since he is a mammal, he maintains a constant body temperature independent of the environment where he is located.

Since he is an endothermic animal he can control his body temperature. Most endothermic animals are able to survive in cold environments because of their ability to maintain body temperature above ambient temperatures in cool climates. Most of them use their body fat to control their body temperature.

Cambium

The cambium is a single layer of cells, called initial cells. The cambium originates from undifferentiated cells that have retained their embryonic capacity for continued growth and differentiation.

A cambium may also form within callus tissues, these are masses of cells that grow over the injured surface of a wound, leading to healing.

As we can see on these pictures the tree is divided into many layers. The first on is the heart wood, it is located right in the middle or center of the tree. The second layer is called sapwood, it is a thick layer that covers the heart or the tree. The third one is the cambium, which is a thin layer. Then we will found the inner and the outer bark.

It is important to know that in a case of a fire the cambium must survive the fire for the tree to survive. That is how important the cambium is for a tree.

Heartwood

Heartwood is the central or woody core of a tree, no longer serving for the conduction of the water and dissolved materials. Heart wood is usually denser and darker in color than the outer sapwood.

we can appreciate and see in this picture that ad the tree becomes older, the heartwood increases in diameter, where areas the sapwood remains the same thickness.

Eukaryote

Eukaryote is a cell or organism composed of cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles and genetic material organized in chromosomes in which the DNA is combined with histone proteins.

This flower is eukaryote because of its multiple cells, and the complexity of its cells. Since Plant's cell have nucleus, chloroplasts, and other organelles, we are able to classified it as eukaryote.